Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 Genes
Background
The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are tumor suppressor genes that play a critical role in DNA repair and preventing uncontrolled cell growth. Mutations in these genes can significantly increase the risk of developing certain types of cancer, such as breast and ovarian cancer.
High Cancer Risk
Both BRCA1 and BRCA2 are essential for DNA repair and maintaining genetic stability. Mutations in these genes impair the ability of cells to repair damaged DNA, leading to the accumulation of genetic alterations and an increased risk of cancer development.
Inheritance of Harmful Variants
In most cases, harmful variants in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes are inherited from a parent who carries the mutation. However, some mutations can also occur spontaneously during a person's lifetime. The presence of a harmful variant significantly increases the risk of developing cancer in the carrier.
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